Middle East Politics refers to the political dynamics, relationships, conflicts, and governance structures that shape the countries and regions of the Middle East. This area includes nations such as Israel, Palestine, Saudi Arabia, Iran, Iraq, Syria, Jordan, and others in the surrounding vicinity. The politics of the Middle East are characterized by a complex interplay of historical, cultural, ethnic, and religious factors, leading to intricate power struggles and alliances.
Central issues in Middle East politics include sectarian divisions (notably between Sunni and Shia Muslims), territorial disputes (especially in relation to Israel and Palestine), impacts of colonial history, the influence of global powers, issues of oil and natural resources, and the battles against extremism and terrorism. The region has been a focal point for international attention and intervention due to its strategic importance and ongoing conflicts, such as the Syrian Civil War, the Iran nuclear deal, and the Arab Spring uprisings.
Understanding Middle East politics requires insights into both local and international perspectives, as various external actors often influence the political landscape through diplomacy, economic involvement, or military engagement.